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nistry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) and implemented by GIZ as part of the BMZ funded project "Just Energy Transition in Coal Regions in India". Background: India is the world's second largest producer, consumer, and importer of coal. With the present trend of the energy sector, it is likely that coal demand may peak after 2035 and subsequently coal demand may undergo gradual tapering. Coal mining is concentrated mainly in economically underdeveloped states such as Jharkhand, Odisha, and Chhattisgarh in northeastern India, where almost all aspects of economic and social life are closely intertwined with the coal industry. The heavy dependence on the coal sector extends to sources of income, government revenue, and technical and social infrastructure. The Indian coal sector directly employs hundred thousand of people. A large additional group of people is informally emplo